The wall thicknesses and column sizes were fine-tuned to reduce the effects of creep and shrinkage on the individual elements which compose the structure.
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' La Grange multiplier methodology which results in a very efficient structure (Baker et ah, 2000).The reinforced concrete structure was designed in accordance with the requirements of ACI 318-02 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete. The wall and column sizes were optimized using virtual work. The C80 concrete for the lower portion of the structure had a specified Young's Elastic Modulus of 43,800 N/mm2 (6,350ksi) at 90 days. Local aggregates were utilized for the concrete mix design. The wall concrete specified strengths ranged from C80 to C60 cube strength and utilized Portland cement and fly ash. Outriggers at the mechanical floors allow the columns to participate in the lateral load resistance of the structure hence, all of the vertical concrete is utilized to support both gravity and lateral loads. The center hexagonal walls are buttressed by the wing walls and hammer head walls which behave as the webs and flanges of a beam to resist the wind shears and moments. The center hexagonal reinforced concrete core walls provide the torsional resistance of the structure similar to a closed tube or axle. The context of the Burj Dubai being located in the city of Dubai, UAE, drove the inspiration for the building form to incorporate cultural, historical, and organic influences particular to the region. The Khalifa's Tower and Podium structures are currently under construction (Figure 3) and the project is scheduled for topping out in 2008. The wind vortices never get organized because at each new tier the wind encounters a different building shape. The advantage of the stepping and shaping is to "confuse the wind'1. The setbacks are organized such that the Tower's width changes at each setback. This allows the construction to proceed without the normal difficulties associated with column transfers. The setbacks are organized with the Tower's grid, such that the building stepping is accomplished by aligning columns above with walls below to provide a smooth load path. SOM applied a rigorous geometry to the tower that aligned all the common central core, wall, and column elements.Įach tier of the building sets back in a spiral stepping pattern up the building. The result is a tower that is extremely stiff laterally and torsionally. Each wing, with its own high performance concrete corridor walls and perimeter columns, buttresses the others via a six-sided central core, or hexagonal hub. The structural system can be described as a "buttressed" core (Figures 1, 2 and 3). Its reinforced concrete structure makes it stronger than steel-frame skyscrapers.ĭesigners purposely shaped the structural concrete Burj Dubai - "Y" shaped in plan - to reduce the wind forces on the tower, as well as to keep the structure simple and foster constructibility. Structural System Descriptionīurj Khalifa has "refuge floors" at 25 to 30 story intervals that are more fire resistant and have separate air supplies in case of emergency. As with all super-tall projects, difficult structural engineering problems needed to be addressed and resolved. The 280,000 m 2 (3,000,000 ft 2) reinforced concrete multi-use Burj Dubai tower is utilized for retail, a Giorgio Armani Hotel, residential and office.
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